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March 3, 1948115 ]r1ITdJ~IS GF r'.GU;/Ilk ::::~TIP1G CF TH1: CITY CCUT?CIL Cr 'iiJSi r.iEy::P'TiI::; iuliCif 3, i'~3 __ _ _ _ __ The council of the L'ity of .rest klemphis in the Courrty of Crittenden, Statf of Arkansas, rnet in a regular session at the Cit;,~ Hall in said City at 7:30 P,Pd, on the 3rd day of March, 191x5, The meetin}; eras called to order by the Tyiafor, artd the roll being called there were; Present: P, M. Dacus in the chair and the following named Aldermen= J, A, Johnson, Curtis Foster, 0, 1, Yollinger, R. R. PYTorley, and G. 17. IdcAuley; City Attorney J. H. Spears and City Clerk L. P. Bernhard. Absent: alderman C. H. iirouvrr. It being deterrriined a quorum •,ras present, the followin~a proceedings mere had to-writ: Pdinutes of the meeting of the City Council or: Febx•nary lath here x•ead and approved, PGayor Dacus advised the Council that attorney L'obbins of Little Rock had been in V~estuJ'emphis, and conferred with ?tire and the City t~.ttorne! a;~out the proposed bond issue. Mayor Dacus advised the Council that the City is ur;ently in need of another truck for street cork, and that he and the City Clerk had contacted the various truck dealers in ,lest Memhis and quoted their offers to the Council. After discussion of the matter, the P::3v*or rtes authorised to purchase either a Chevrolet or GT+;C, •aYiich ever lrould :.e the better deal for the City. E1 franchise ;;ranting to the last iir}:ansas Dlatural Gas Consumers Corporation an exclusive riU~ht and privilege to distribute natural gas to the inha~itants of lJest Tuiemphis was introduced in variting ~.nd read in full by Aldertiran Bollin~~er, Alderman kviorley mo~red that the rule rtcuiring. sriid ordinance to be read in full on three different days be suspended, and. that said or:'.inance be placed on .its second reading; motion "ryas seconded by rriderman Johnson, and therealtc:r the ~+ayor put the ;;uestion on the adoption of said rnotion, a.nd the roll being called, the follo.v~ng votedi aye= J. A. Johnson, Curtis Foster, U. I. Bollinger, R. R. Morley, anti G. ~'}. McAuley. Pday: none. }hereupon the l,,Ia"or dEClared the motion duly passed and said ordinance placed on its second reading. The orc'i.nan:;e eras then read the second time b~T Alderran Foster. Alderman i~or•ley then moved that said ordinance be now placed ur.on its final .doption; motion tires seconded. by ~llderr.:an 74:cAuley, any; after due consideration thereof by said Council, the T+kayor put the question an the adoption oI' the r:~oti_on, grid upon the roll teeing called, the folloti"rin~ voted: Aye: J. A. Johnson, Curtis Foster, U, I, kollinger, R. :c. l~iorle~r, and G. ~J. k~icauley. Nays bone. '~Jhereupon the i;1a~~or declared the motion duly carried and said ordinance placed upon its final reaciin~ <:nd adopti.on, Caid ordinance .vas read in full by ::lo.erroan Johnson, w}:o moved its adoption, seconded by -{lder,r.an Foster, and after due consideration thereof by :,aid Council, the ~:iyori~ut the question rpon the adoption of said 'notion, and ur,on pr;ssa;_e of said ordinance, acid the roll being called, the follo~arin > voted; Aye: J. A. Johnson, Curtis roster, 0. I. }soll.in Ter, R. R. l~torle~s, and G. ~+, i~1c A~,ley. T1ay: hone . so'hereupon t;he }Mayor call:rl to the ~ounci.l's attention that the or<ii_nance, ~s adopted, contained an emer enc. clause sn:d su ; c;sted tY,at s-i~ecific action should be, ta'~ren btr the Cour?oil nr, this clause. tilu:reupon rnotion :eras mane bar alderman Bol.lin;;er art,i ditl_.y seconded by clderuan i+~orl ey that the emerl;ency c]_ause of said ori~ Hance be adopted, and the roll being galled, the follotiring voteds Aye J, h. Jolvtson, Curtis Foster, 0, I, 3~,llinger, R, Ti, iviorle;,~, and G, tid. ~cluley. Nay: T•]one, ,]hereupon tl;e f.';a;;-or declared said moti on ~iulr ~~dopteci «nd said ordinance duly passed, and signed his approval to said ordinance and the City Clerk ~:ras directed to spread the same upon the record of Orc?inrnce of the City of '.lest }~'~emphis, ~rlcan~as, and to ha•re same pu?']_i;:hed as required b« lrw; and to number said ordinance Pao. 1~9. paid ordinance to ~~,hich no araend_t:,ent „ .s offerf=d read as i'ollor,~s: oF~?:IrIAiICE IIO. 1L~9 iTl 03I;II)ArICL Or F': ~l~' CGUPI! "i: 0 T'I?I, CITY OI ,?5T J '?HIS, F"tTi L.:f! ~~tllt'', RIi~,1T °.5, GFx, TIrIG TO '.~, D:tST t.FLIL?I~~;.S IIx'Pl1.ttL 1rtS COII::LI~.:1tS COR?GItE~'iIUI1 TH" ,i,I:USIT?~ nI~~l-IT :?I?D I'FtIVIL u? F.rIP rtit1l;CIiISE TO L.tY ~:=AS P:ViIrI.°i ALONG THiJ S1IZl;ETS, AV1s~IU3S, t+ILi~'YS, ^G.`tD .'u'L ??ii;IiLJi;'_'S arlD Oi"I:ti PU13T_IC PLNi:iS OF' THI; CITY, rGrFt THE PURPOSi's Cr' nISTPI£sUT11IG AIID St~,i:iI1G IIaiU!~AL GAS TC T:I_ IP11it1:;:iTAr1TS OF GRID CITY AND TO OTHEaS, ARID ttL ;p TH' EXCLUaIJi HIGIIT 1Y1 L~:Y PIPk: LIr!liS III T STR hTS, lur.L~YS, "'I;U:S, HIGII::AYS, Ii0AD3 x''ID OTi1if I'Uch~C PLAo b,IID UhOUrIDS OF .,itID CITY i'Oi3 Tii1: PURPf~S% Or COAL, l1hG PII.T'JrtAL GAS THROUG'i ti!D Ot SAID =TY ! c `t D' ;TRI'-UTIOII OF 1? tT[ih't~, u ~ TO T[I% IrIH.EITAI1TS OF :'AID CITY, ISID TO OTH'.I'~S r.YOIID TH3 LI1e~T,5 eF „yl~= C'iTY, FGR DOD1;`,T~C, C('Iu:`1tCLiL :t? D _I1Du:,TRIsiI. ?iiRPOS?:5, AA;D PRC7VIDI1dG TN. ItEGUh!!TION FlUii TH'r COIiD'JCT CF ~`A1P GAS DISTRIi~UTIOI~I SYS'll'.r,}, llli'S' OTFL~:R. ?URPC7SES. E I'P OFiDAIIIaD 3Y TIIE CITY COUI'dCIL Or' THi: CITY OF ':lrST i.Wl.~n'liIS, CttI".'T'viIDECi COLTiTY, is.RIs.'~u'SAS: SECTIOtd 1. That the City of -:west LIemphis, subject to tha terms, conditions artd st:inulations mentioned in this ordinance, consents and the exclusive ri;;ht, nar7aission and franchise is hereby ~^iven to the :<1st Arkansas Natural Cas Consumers Corporation, a Corporation or~3aniaed and existing pursuant to the laws of the State of t'.rb:ansas, Grantee, and to its successors, lessees, and assigns to lay, construct, equip, operate, repair and maintain a system of ;ras mains, Wipes, conduits, and feeders for t}te p~zrpose of suppl;ring and distributing natural gas for light, fuel, po•:,er, and heat and for arty other purpose, to the residents or inhabitants of the said City, as rapidly as the said Cori oration, Grantee herein, shall find it practicable to do so; end i'urthe:r, the exclusive right to lay, construct, operate and maintain a system of i;«s mains, Wipe lines, pi-ne conduits and feeders and the necessary att:irlunents, connections, fixtures and appurtenances for the purpose of conveyinb, conducting or distributing n~.tural gas from any paint beyond said City limits in order to enable the slid Grantee to distribute and sell na.turai gas to the said City and to the residents or inhabitants thereof, and to others. S4CTICN Z. The Grcurtee herein is expressly Riven the e.cclusive permit ~Subjiret to the proviso hereinafter contained) to use the streets, avenues, roads, hi;;}r.~ays, alleys, side-s~alla and o flier pu'::li c places, as no::= la_id out, or hereafter to be established, for the purpose of layin; gas mains, pipe lines, conduits and feeders, and tl-:r: necessary attachr:tents, fixtures, connections and appurtenances for thr purpose o£ conve~rinl; or conducting natural has from any point r~ithin the s:_id City or to any point, be,;=ond ti:e City lir.nits ,~f the said City or to any other point, through and be,%on<1 the C;i-ty :_iraits of said City, anu to :rperate and uaintain a s=stem of pipe lines, pipes, conduits, feeders attd the necessary attaclunents, connections, fixtures and appurtenances for tl:e distriL-uticn of ;natural ~;as lrithin said City to serve the said City and the residents and inhabitants thereof, and others; provided, hoirever, that tubers a1le~rs are accessible for l.aring mtLins and pipes, the City shall h~we the ri.`ht to require that the mains and pipes shall be .Laid in t,he: alleys instead of tha streets, and plans for layin mains must be submitted to the '•ouncil or specially appointed representatives before final designation is :Wade. SCTIGPd 3. Subject to the proviso in Section 2 hereof, the ma5.n pipes of the Grantee may be 7_aid in the hi,;h~,ays, roads, streets, avenues, alleys aitd other public pl=.ces as notiv laid out or as the same sha71 hereafter be established, and zit en laid in highlvays, roads, avenues, streets, alleys, and other pub7_ic places, same s}tal7_ be laid 9_n accordance 1•rith the lines and grades not~r established or hereafter to be established by the City, provided that such main pipes and service Wipes be laid at the mininnim depth of eihteen inches below the grade of streets, alleys or ditches. SEL'.lOAi i~. In the opening and rafillin<,= of ail openings made by the Grantee, it sriall relay i;he pavements and do all other erork necessary to corr;~lete restoration of the >treets, sidevralks or 1-round to the condition equally as good as •,;iten di.stur;,~ad; and alter. the Grantee shah. open any mound. in ~~.id Cit;T for the purpose of la;,•ing and= r;.as pi;>e or for and= ~~tlrcr nui7,ose •~•.hatsoaver, the Grantee s:tt+._11 open no more space at any one time or at any one place nor }:cep t,r~ same ol;en any lop er than is necessar~r to properly e.cecute t,l,a work for which carne shall have been opened; and it is especially required that in all cases where trnrk re;uires the exercise of skill, as the laying or relayinU of pavements or sideraalks, the Grantee shall employ skilled ~,vorkmen fantili.ar r~Zth the execution of such work. ••Ytertver deemed necessary by the proper authorities it shall have the right to designate its enginear or other person to superintend and supervise the refill- in~ of the highraays, streets, avenues, roads, alleys or other pnkaic places, and the rela~-ing or refilli,tg of the sidewalks and pave:,tents, al.l of the repair and replacement of pavement, sicerualks and other grounds disturbed for the laying; of the said pipes, shall Le at the expense of the Grantee. SLCTIOII ~. No fees or charges of an;,=lcind shall be imposed upon the Grantee or upon any successors,. or upon any consumer of natural has far the brcalcing or opening of arty highvray, street, road, avenue, alley, or other public places, or for the laying of any main, service pipe or other connections therein, except as provided herein. Atot`ting in this franchise shall be construed in such manner ca to in any manner abridge the ripi7t of the City to pass and enforce the necessary police ret;rrlations for the purpose o£ protect- in~ the citizens of said City etnd their ;:rroporty and the prop::rty of the Grantee. Grantee shaL_ at ?11 Limos keep and di.spl.ay the necessary Clanj;er signals and proper lnterds around all excavations and obstructions, and shall }:eep sufficient :,pace in good condition £or the travel of vehicles on a+,. least one side of a17. excavations and obstructions, and shall as ssoon as practicable restore all openings on the hihiray, road, street, avenue alley and other public places to condition eoually as good as before said openinCa or obstructions were made. SECTION 6. The (}rantee shall do no injury to any high:vay, road, street, avenue, alley, lane, brid~,e, stream or water course, park or public place nor :in any manner disturb or interfere unnecessarily zrith electric lines, nor frith any ~.~ublic or private server nr drain- age s~rstem, or crater lines, horn or hereaftr:r~,xid or constructed by the said City or by any authorized person or corporation, but no electric conduits ar• surer or zrater 'pipes shall be so laid as to interfere unnecessarily with airy has :ra:in or pipes z+::rich shall h~.ve been laid *~rior to the tune of lavin;; such electric conduits, se.r~:r or .eat,-r pipes. 'Phe Grantee shall fully indemnify anc.l sr_ve harntl.ess the Cty from a:~,~ and all claims for d~nage for whi ch said City shall or ni_~,}1t, be ..:ode or becoma liable l:y reason of the ~;ra-;ting of this franchise, or any nerrli~ence or carelessness on ti:e hart of said Grantee, or '~ecause of any >.ct or omission oY the Grantee in the construction and o;.,err:tion of its system of ieains and pipes. ST:CT:i0i1 7. The Grantee shall surely n«trrral sunder the terms and conditions herein specified to all aziplic~-nts not in arrears for• any~bills f'or' natural -as, service, pipes, appliances, or other thins, o~rning ,~r occup;;rinb premises on ox• abutting t'ne streets, avenues, or other pubic places in which such as mains or conduits are =aid. The i;rantee sha:11 hrcv~ the ri41:t to ;~ral:e and enforce a ~,rrittan agreement ,with a7.1 appli- cants for natural gas; a.nd rate to be charged for n+_:tural Fos, according to .Section 12 hereof, the fi.:dn; of the rnininnznr rnontl:iy bill and service meter me ving charge, and specif~Ting an irunediate deposit, and. fixinc; t: e terms arrd conditions upon tivi:ich natural gas is to be served the individual ajrplicant, shall be determined by such contract. arch contracts ere to conform ~^rith the state laws and re~nrlati ohs ^o~rerni;:g same. S3CTI01} 3. The Grarit~~e shall lay its service piles from its main pines to the curb line >nd/or the r,onsutaE:rs~ outer property ling at its ozm expense, where the necessrrp curb boxes and. meters shall be furnished and installed by the Grantee -~rithout t:~r,a: se to the consumer; from the meter cn, the corsu;nor shall i;avc t':,e r.;;lrt, to :,elect his ut~n has fitter to i.ay hi.s pipes and install his fi:~aures, at tl.e consumers' risl: and e:;ense. The Grantee shall have t?ie r_i_;;ht to :halo and :nforce as a r:xt of the conditions un~er ,vhicli i~t ti•:~11 supply natural r :~ for heat, poser, liCht, .~~uel or other fx;rposes as herein provided, all needful rules and re ~ulat,:.ons :,ot inecnsistera tirith lAw and the ,>rovisions of this franchise. ::'ACTION ~. The Gralztee shall furnish prom, tly to the props ai.xthorities any and all information tirizi.ch may 'oe asked for by them in regard to tlia si:,e, lc;cation or depths of any oi' tiie pipes, ru~i:is, conduits or service ..,lees, in any fcrm ::h^.tsoever, acid any other informa- tion in re~ax•d to its occupation or ro_lds, hi~;h~,rays, streeas, avenues or public ,-;rounds of said Cit;; , :rizich they :uay ce,:ta:7d. ,:heIIf:ver tha word Grantee crcurs in this ordinance, it shall mean and it sl.all be understood to be the lsrzst i,rkansas Natural Gas consumers ~~orporation, its successors, Lessees or as:dcis, and rr.c:never the words "authorities" or "pro?~;;r au thorit:_es" occur in this franchise tlic::~ shall 7!e~:rn arrd sliall be understood tc .mean the authorized officer or officers, comuattee or board z•~:nresentin,; the City of ,(est ~rremphis, l~rkansas, or vrarrtor. SsCTIOPI 10, Tliis franchise sii•a_1 take e,'fact and continuo ar:d remain in force perp:aually Is ~iro•ri.ded ri Section !~!; of ~':=„L1ic Utilities !;ct of l;`•,C;' t:at~~. of file ;:Mate cf rk:~nsas, as ;ame ~:~a.~~ be anesndeci from tithe to trr.e, a>nd ul_on the :ritL:.n ccc=l +..,~nce :~~T thr Grantee of the terms and conditions of this franchise. 11_CTiOIf 1.1. ;.; it further oruairred that the i;ast erl::ansa.s ll-atural vas Consur.ic~rs vor;roration, Grantee, its successors, lesser and as:ivT~s wall have 12 r::onths!'rom the final prssage, a,~hr~v,l and publication of thi or~iir:aneF, and nc~t lcn~;ex, :. ~.~:iich to be~~in the actual 1:.."in;1 of r,ipa :Lures and 1~t~r.:as for tlr~: a~_stribi;tion of natural _, ;.n said i;ity, a failure on the ~zart of the last ~rka.nsas l~iatural Gss Corsumex•s ~7or,,oration,~its successors, lessees, or assiv7is, to comply witri the fore;oing provisions of this section as to tyre time in °,-1:ich to bes~in tlxe •worlc si.all render null arrd void this ordinance; it is f t:rther pr•oviled hoz:ever, that ul>on a shorrin by the Urantee, that the actual la,:ring of pipe lines and laterals for the distribtiti.on of natural ~-as i.n said Uity h^s been delay ed clue to the Granteer s inabiJ.ity to secure necessary pip _• or other materials, or• due to acts of God, the period allowed above s-Tall :.•~- autonuitica~ly extended for an ~.dditional period of six ('6) r,!onths. S~CTIO',; 1~. 13e it further erclained, that the rna:;mum I•ate charged as per Section 7 a'.IOVe for domestic, corrsrarcial and industrial consumption of natural has shall be reasonable and as r;~y be approved by the brhansas Public Service Commission or the Oommission or Regrxlatorr :x~dy then having ,juriddiction over thN ratAs cf "ublic utilites operating i.n i,he State of %rkansas, as is horn provided b~, the "?~rblic Utilities 1ct of ln3r~" as amended by dct 2~2 of the l:cts of the State of i,rka+nsas c,f l;:l;~ or as same may ',;e further amended from time to time. SF.CTIOt1 13, If any section, para_ra};h, subciivi.sion, clause, phrase or provisi~ri of this ordinance shall be :adjudged invalid or unconstituti<rna1., the same shall not affect the validity of this ordinance as a whole, or any 1-iart or provision, other tl;an the part so decided to '.-e invali3 or unconstitutional, S>;CTIOPT 7.11. Be it r'lzrther or:la:ined that the Grantee h%re.in, east Arkansas Natural Gas Consumers Corporation, after thorough investil;ation, and in it:s jud~rrent deems for tyre best interests of its merubt:rs, sha.il haul: the riSlrt to assiY,~ri this frar:chise to c;n~r n::~tural i*as distribution ccrirPany, S GT-aOll 15. It is asccrtr:1n~~1 a.d herF;r;~ dac'_ared th:~t - r.~~::;on of there Lein!, no ~~as for ~it:her domestic, co:nrnercial or industrial uses nor in this City , t;iat the domestic, cor:.r;rerci~l and :industrial enterpri:~es ~"rithin said. City ~;e:,~and :ui adec}uate supply ofSas for their t~r.rious uses, and drat it is necessary to begin tha constri.ict•_ion of pipe lines and yas s;;~sienr for <a:id City in order th•it samE: may be available for use as soon as possible, an omerge:cy is he:reb~r declared to exist; and this Cruinance L~eing necessar;•~ for the preservation of t,hc- public peace, health and. safety shall t~:ke effeci, and b:, irr full force a;ul effect fr~~m and after its passage and priblication. T:Iotion eras made hy~,.lderrnan +~+cxuley that the City refund ]rald of the 7 yli8 automobile dealer ~ s license of the Curtis F'ostr.r i:uto Cornj,any as the Company has now gone out of business. ~_lso, that t•he license paid b3* i°ia.x ;~ancis for insurance agent's license be reianded to him, The motion leas seconded by nlderfaan John:.on, and upon the matter being called to vote, the following vated~ Aye: J. ~L. Johnson, 0, i, oollinger,it, R, Tflorley, and G, '~+. T:1cAuley. Play: idone. As the Chief and Secretar;r of the i~Yre re>artment had been requested to meet •~rith the `Council, the 3~cretary 1Cr. T. H. i~icGou;;h vvas prese;rt. The work of the De:artrnent ,ras discussed and also the bills to the City from the Departmt:nt. lifter discussion it ryas agreed that each fireman, except 1°:r. Hatton tJho is cn a regular salary*, be :aaid _;>3„)0 for ea :h fire attended tivhen the Y~ose are Put into use, 31r, Jack Briggs of Briggs Taxi Cornuany, lass. rtha lrrra of City Cab Company, and ilr. Dolph Cheek of 'pest I+~eraphis Cab Com?any appeared before the Ccutncil to request an increase of 10 ~• in tPreir rates thc,reby chanl;ing a ruiniimzm fare from 35;+ to ~5~ in the City, The: Council tentatively approved the increase provided at the ne.a relnrlar meeting the tarsi. cab companies present a formal application th"t the rates be chan„ed. The Building Irrspecter presented the building perirrits he had authorized to be issued. 1Goti_on was mad©, passed, and adopted to confirm the actions of the o~rildinl; Inspector in the issuance of the follo~ring bui7.din~ permits; luilton I~deux D. :l. Clay ;gill itrncan Robert Green R, Q. }3e11 Pros. Huntley iLlotion ryas made by Alderman i:4orley and seconded by lderman foster to approve, authorize, ratify, and~or confirm payment of tY.e following bills: Bil-Roy Ser-.~ce :nation 'n152,G8 Farmers Strnply Co, ^$1.y8 Bral;g auto Co, Y.55 r:~rruers Supply Co, 6.112 Centr~7. Service Station 12.28 Chicago Pump Co. 9 715 Corunercial Printing Co, 2b,27 '.~allin-Dickey & Rich 12.2!{ Critterulen County limes 131,50 T%~c0aa Clre•rrolet Co, 3,28 Dac~rs Lumber Compan;;* 115.66 P~IcCaa Chevrolet Co. 23.15 Dav's-Heil lifg, Co, 126,OG idax I~aricis 25,pp Qu•tis roster 50.00 J. %. 'ililliar:is 1G0,110 Johnson hrrto Co. 15,56 Henry Palmer 38.35 I6cAuley ~"]rolesale Co. 7.65 Robert Rooker 19,50 l~lissouri- Pacific P.R 2611.89 rsarl falls 1x,95 J. a, Rig`s `tractor ~;o, 1111,72 John 1~1cCttllor 33,Q0 R, T+T, Starbuck & Sons 26.00 Jolrn Dabn::r 33.E Southwestern Beil Telephone ti2.35 Ed Hudson 30.3`J S, C, Toof & ~o, 3!1.08 J. T. Holmes 30.00 Thri.f+.~~ Dr'ur Co, 2,75 James Amos 7.15 Charlas J. Upton Co, 1311.50 iarly Pope 22,50 l'T, ICI, T~.acliine and C;eldinl; Shop 15,65 Luther Thr:rraon 22.50 14. Ti. i;, pliance Co. 110.110 John ~,iel.ls 15,50 17. YJ. ~ippliance Co. 1.75 John .~allace 20.00 VJ. li. Lumber Co. 2.111 0. P. Sides, Jr. 102.Oi0 1Y. M. b"'ire Dept. 1rL'lt.~.)0 Sarah Sr,ith 35.Go 11~ I.Ierchants & k'lanter~ bank J. ~+. Williat~is Henry Palmer ~<irl ;~lis aoLert iu~oker ;xle~i i?ontiac Co. ~i, 1'ir~ Dc:~zstn_ut~t John Dabn~r ~d l~zdson J. ~~ . Holnias iarly Pope John ~+eils John :7allace Sarah :smith __ __ __ ,~ x;20 (.30 40.ti0 II 27.63 ~.~0 i 9.30 i ~~.21 ;I 2u2.00 ,. 33 .'~0 13.00 35.25 35.25 ~' 23.x0 23.50 j, 23.0 ~~ 35.:0 ~' t Il I i Upon the mactter being, cat7_ed to vote, tk:e Zallovr~nP; voted; n~ e: J. :~. Jo}ulson ~~.trt.i_s roster 0. I. bo~lin *cr R. ic. tlorle ~7d G. 'd~. 2Wc ~le~ d ~ , L' , Ys A'~ I• Play' Done. IIo urtli.r business appesring, t.Pce :neetinl uas adjourned. ~~ I,TkYOR KT TEST: OITY C,I~2Y r"+'PRQV'~: ?4ARL'H 17, 191ai;